
Dead Meets Lead (PC/ENG)
Release Date: May 3, 2011 | Developer\Publisher: Keldyn Interactive | PC | EXE | 260 MB
Language: English
Genre: Action Adventure, Horror
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Source : Googele Reader
Imports April 2011:
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# [[w:Contempt of Congress]] → [[Transwiki:Contempt of Congress]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 23:09, 8 April 2011 (UTC) → [[contempt of Congress]] | # [[w:Contempt of Congress]] → [[Transwiki:Contempt of Congress]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 23:09, 8 April 2011 (UTC) → [[contempt of Congress]] | ||
# [[w:Planned obsolescence]] → [[Transwiki:Planned obsolescence]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 20:23, 10 April 2011 (UTC) → [[planned obsolescence]] | # [[w:Planned obsolescence]] → [[Transwiki:Planned obsolescence]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 20:23, 10 April 2011 (UTC) → [[planned obsolescence]] | ||
- | # [[w:Floating tone]] → [[Transwiki:Floating tone]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 18:13, 24 April 2011 (UTC) | + | # [[w:Floating tone]] → [[Transwiki:Floating tone]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 18:13, 24 April 2011 (UTC) Deleted sum of parts |
# [[w:Debuccalization]] → [[Transwiki:Debuccalization]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 18:13, 24 April 2011 (UTC) → [[debuccalization]] | # [[w:Debuccalization]] → [[Transwiki:Debuccalization]] —'''[[User:Internoob|Internoob]]''' ([[User talk:Internoob|Disc]]•[[Special:Contributions/Internoob|Cont]]) 18:13, 24 April 2011 (UTC) → [[debuccalization]] |
Etymology:
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==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
- | The term 'c-command' was introduced by Reinhart in her 1976 [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] dissertation (p. 32),{{fact|date=February 2010}} and is a shortened form of "[[constituent (linguistics)|constituent]] command.' Reinhart herself thanks [[Nick Clements]] for suggesting both the term and its abbreviation. As discussed by [[Andrew Carnie]],<ref name="Carnie etym">{{quote-book | + | The term 'c-command' was introduced by {{w|Tanya Reinhart}} in her 1976 [[MIT]] dissertation (p. 32),{{fact|date=February 2010}} and is a shortened form of "[[constituent]] command." Reinhart herself thanks {{w|Nick Clements}} for suggesting both the term and its abbreviation. As discussed by {{w|Andrew Carnie}},<ref name="Carnie etym">{{quote-book |
| last = Carnie | | last = Carnie | ||
| first = Andrew | | first = Andrew | ||
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| location = Oxford | | location = Oxford | ||
| year = 2002 | | year = 2002 | ||
- | }}</ref> the term "c-command" may also have been chosen so as to contrast with the similar notion ''kommand'' (often read as 'k-command'), proposed by [[Howard Lasnik]] in 1976.<ref name="k-command">{{cite web | + | }}</ref> the term "c-command" may also have been chosen so as to contrast with the similar notion {{term|kommand}} (often read as 'k-command'), proposed by {{w|Howard Lasnik}} in 1976.<ref name="k-command">{{cite web |
| url = http://web.mit.edu/ekeshet/www/Papers/phase.pdf | | url = http://web.mit.edu/ekeshet/www/Papers/phase.pdf | ||
| last = Keshet | | last = Keshet |
Translations:
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====Translations==== | ====Translations==== | ||
{{trans-top|process}} | {{trans-top|process}} | ||
+ | * Chinese: | ||
+ | *: Mandarin: {{t|zh|复原|tr=fùyuán|sc=Hani}}, {{t|zh|康复|tr=kāngfù|sc=Hani}} {{i|only of health}} | ||
* Finnish: {{t-|fi|kuntoutus}}, {{t-|fi|kuntouttaminen}} | * Finnish: {{t-|fi|kuntoutus}}, {{t-|fi|kuntouttaminen}} | ||
{{trans-mid}} | {{trans-mid}} | ||
+ | * French: {{t|fr|réhabilitation|f}} | ||
+ | * German: {{t|de|Rehabilitation|f}} | ||
+ | * Russian: {{t|ru|реабилитация|f|tr=reabilitácija|sc=Cyrl}} | ||
{{trans-bottom}} | {{trans-bottom}} | ||
t+de:rehabilitieren t-balance t+fr:réhabiliter t+es:rehabilitar (Assisted)
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# {{transitive}} To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction etc. {{defdate|from 19th c.}} | # {{transitive}} To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction etc. {{defdate|from 19th c.}} | ||
# {{intransitive}} To go through such a process; to [[recover]]. {{defdate|from 20th c.}} | # {{intransitive}} To go through such a process; to [[recover]]. {{defdate|from 20th c.}} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Translations==== | ||
+ | {{trans-top|to restore (someone) to their former state, reputation, possessions, status etc.}} | ||
+ | * French: {{t|fr|réhabiliter}} | ||
+ | * German: {{t|de|rehabilitieren}} | ||
+ | {{trans-mid}} | ||
+ | * Russian: {{t|ru|реабилитировать|tr=reabilitírovat'|sc=Cyrl}} {{impf}} / {{pf}} | ||
+ | * Spanish: {{t|es|rehabilitar}} | ||
+ | {{trans-bottom}} | ||
====Quotations==== | ====Quotations==== |
Undo revision 13075895 by Internoob (talk)
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- | In [[syntax]], '''c-command''' is a relationship between nodes in [[parse tree]]s. Originally defined by [[Tanya Reinhart]] (1976, 1983),<ref> | + | ==English== |
- | See also [[Howard Lasnik]] (1975) and [[Noam Chomsky]] (1981).</ref> | ||
- | it corresponds to the idea of 'siblings and all their descendants' in [[family tree]]s. | ||
- | ==Definition and Example== | + | ===Etymology=== |
- | [[File:C-command.png|right|thumb|A simple syntax tree.]] | + | Introduced by {{w|Tanya Reinhart}} in her 1976 [[MIT]] dissertation (p. 32),{{fact|date=February 2010}} and is a shortened form of '[[constituent]] command." Reinhart herself thanks {{w|Nick Clements}} for suggesting both the term and its abbreviation. As discussed by {{w|Andrew Carnie}},<ref name="Carnie etym">{{quote-book |
- | |||
- | The definition of c-command is based partly on the relationship of ''dominance''. A node 'dominates' another node if it is above it in the tree (it is a parent, grandparent, etc.) | ||
- | |||
- | Using this definition of dominance, node ''A'' c-commands node ''B'' if and only if: | ||
- | *A does not dominate B | ||
- | *B does not dominate A | ||
- | *The first branching node that dominates A, also dominates B<ref name="c-command def Haegeman">{{cite book | ||
- | | last = Haegeman | ||
- | | first = Liliane | ||
- | | title = Introduction to Government and Binding Theory | ||
- | | page = 147 | ||
- | | edition = 2nd | ||
- | | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | ||
- | | location = Oxford | ||
- | | year = 1994 | ||
- | }}</ref><ref name="c-command def Carnie">{{cite book | ||
- | | last = Carnie | ||
- | | first = Andrew | ||
- | | title = Syntax: A Generative Introduction | ||
- | | page = 75 | ||
- | | edition = 1st | ||
- | | publisher = Blackwell Publishing | ||
- | | location = Oxford | ||
- | | year = 2002 | ||
- | }}</ref> | ||
- | |||
- | For example, according to this definition, in the tree at the right, | ||
- | * ''M'' '''does not''' c-command any node because it dominates all other nodes. | ||
- | * ''A'' c-commands ''B'', ''C'', ''D'', ''E'', ''F'', and ''G''. | ||
- | * ''B'' c-commands ''A''. | ||
- | * ''C'' c-commands ''D'', ''F'', and ''G''. | ||
- | * ''D'' c-commands ''C'' and ''E''. | ||
- | * ''E'' c-commands ''D'', ''F'' and ''G''. | ||
- | * ''F'' c-commands ''G''. | ||
- | * ''G'' c-commands ''F''. | ||
- | |||
- | ==Etymology== | ||
- | The term "c-command" was introduced by {{w|Tanya Reinhart}} in her 1976 [[MIT]] dissertation (p. 32),{{fact|date=February 2010}} and is a shortened form of "[[constituent]] command." Reinhart herself thanks {{w|Nick Clements}} for suggesting both the term and its abbreviation. As discussed by {{w|Andrew Carnie}},<ref name="Carnie etym">{{quote-book | ||
| last = Carnie | | last = Carnie | ||
| first = Andrew | | first = Andrew | ||
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}}</ref> | }}</ref> | ||
- | ==C-command and the first branching node== | + | ===Noun=== |
+ | {{en-noun|-}} | ||
- | The above definition specified that the domain of c-command is the first ''branching'' node that dominates A. This relationship is sometimes known as ''strict c-command''.<ref name="Haegeman strict">{{cite book | + | # {{context|syntax}} The relationship between a node in a [[parse tree]] and its [[sibling]] [[node]]s (usually meaning the children of the first [[branch]]ing node that [[dominate]]s the node<ref name="Haegeman strict">{{quote-book |
- | | last = Haegeman | + | | author = Liliane Haegeman |
- | | first = Liliane | ||
| title = Introduction to Government and Binding Theory | | title = Introduction to Government and Binding Theory | ||
| page = 137 | | page = 137 | ||
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| location = Oxford | | location = Oxford | ||
| year = 1994 | | year = 1994 | ||
- | }}</ref> Without this specification, c-command would be limited to cases in which the first node of any sort dominating A also dominates B. The following tree illustrates how these two accounts differ in their result. If all nodes are considered, then ''A'' does not c-command any other nodes, because ''B'' dominates it and does not dominate any other nodes; if only branching nodes are considered, then ''B'' is irrelevant in evaluating the third criterion, and ''A'' does c-command ''D'', ''E'', and ''F''. | + | }}</ref>) and all their [[child]]ren. |
- | :[[File:C-command 02.png]] | ||
- | ==See also== | + | ===References=== |
- | *[[m-command]] | ||
- | |||
- | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
* Harris, C. L. and Bates, E. A. (2002) 'Clausal backgrounding and pronominal reference: A functionalist approach to c-command'. ''Language and Cognitive Processes'' '''17(3)''':237-269. | * Harris, C. L. and Bates, E. A. (2002) 'Clausal backgrounding and pronominal reference: A functionalist approach to c-command'. ''Language and Cognitive Processes'' '''17(3)''':237-269. | ||
* ''Contemporary Linguistics'' by William O'Grady, Michael Dobrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff. Bedford/St. Martin's. 1997 (third edition). | * ''Contemporary Linguistics'' by William O'Grady, Michael Dobrovolsky, and Mark Aronoff. Bedford/St. Martin's. 1997 (third edition). | ||
* Reinhart, Tanya M. (1976). ''The Syntactic Domain of Anaphora''. (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). (Available online at http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/16400). | * Reinhart, Tanya M. (1976). ''The Syntactic Domain of Anaphora''. (Doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology). (Available online at http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/16400). | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===See also=== | ||
+ | * [[m-command]] | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
+ | * {{pedia}} | ||
* [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1999/ling550/ch1.html c-command and pronouns] | * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/courses/Fall_1999/ling550/ch1.html c-command and pronouns] | ||
* [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/box-nodes.html Node relations], University of Pennsylvania | * [http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~beatrice/syntax-textbook/box-nodes.html Node relations], University of Pennsylvania |